Week 49: As We Approach the End of Trump’s First Year, the DOI and EPA Are in Tatters
Published by the Natural Resources Defense Fund
Welcome to a special end-of-year Trump v. Earth column, in which onEarth assesses the damage to the agencies that protect our environment after one year of President Trump.
Stop Pruitt rally to oppose the EPA administrator nomination, February 2017
Lorie Shaull
As a candidate for president, Donald Trump made exaggerated promises tailor-made for his base. One of those was a vow to eliminate the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency “in almost every form.” In its most literal sense, the idea seemed ludicrous. “Trump’s campaign vow to eliminate the EPA was farcical and naive,” says John Walke, director of NRDC’s Clean Air Project. “The laws of the United States prevent him from carrying it out, and the vast majority of people in Congress and the country disagree with doing so.”
But nearly one year into the Trump administration, what the president actually can do is becoming apparent. Trump is not trying to literally close down the EPA—or the U.S. Department of the Interior, or any other government unit tasked with protecting the natural environment. What he is trying to do is change them so dramatically that they will be completely unable to carry out their intended roles.
Misrepresenting Their Missions
Trump’s appointees to head the DOI and the EPA regularly claim they are refocusing their agencies on the “core mission” but then proceed to distort what those core missions actually are, setting the stage for allocations of resources that serve Trump’s agenda instead of the environment.
When Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the administration’s plan to cut his department’s budget by 12 percent, he said, “This budget overall speaks to the core mission of the Department of the Interior. It funds our highest priorities—safety, security, infrastructure.”
Since when? “The department’s mission is the sustainable management of land and waters,” explains Bobby McEnaney, senior deputy director of NRDC’s Western Renewable Energy Project. “There’s no mandate about security and safety being integral to the DOI’s structure.” Safety, security, and infrastructure are buzzwords from the Trump campaign, referencing his promise to build a border wall and expand fossil fuel production. But while ostensibly the domain of the Department of Interior, those projects are not its mission, let alone its core mission. Just visit the agency’s webpage:
“The Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.”
Over at the EPA, Administrator Scott Pruitt rarely attempts to define the agency’s core mission; he seems to think it has something to do with Superfunds. In announcing his list of high-priority cleanup sites, Pruitt said such projects would be “restored to their rightful place at the center of the agency’s core mission.”
Mitigation of toxic accidents is undoubtedly a part of EPA’s purpose, but there’s nothing in statute or regulation that suggests cleaning up messes is more central than preventing them in the first place. The EPA’s core mission is protecting our health and our environment. Regulating air pollution, addressing climate change, and minimizing the use of harmful pesticides are all central parts of EPA’s mission, and the country relies on the agency to produce science and rules to protect us from those threats. By talking only about cleanups, Pruitt is diverting resources from prevention.
Downsizing Expertise
Personnel cuts and shrunken budgets have been major features of the first year of Trump. The administration makes specious claims that this is part of an effort to reduce bureaucracy and improve efficiency. At the Department of the Interior, Zinke described his plan to cut personnel by up to one-third in some parts as an effort to “downsize the middle and headquarters management.”
Sounds shrewd—except for one thing: Interior has never had a top-heavy structure. “The vast majority of DOI is based in the regions,” says McEnaney. “For the size of its mission, the department is clearly understaffed in the D.C. headquarters.”
Pruitt tried similar subterfuge. He called his plan to slash the EPA budget and decimate staffing an attempt to “reduce redundancies and inefficiencies.” But when he took his case to Congress for review, even Republicans recognized that the budget would “significantly reduce or terminate programs that are vitally important.” Regional offices, like EPA Region 5 in the Midwest, immediately pointed out that there was no way to carry out their basic duties—including Superfund cleanups—at the staffing levels Pruitt is pursuing.
The real reason behind these attempted personnel cuts is plain: to rid the agencies of expertise and experience and to remove the people who know how to keep our environment clean and prevent Trump’s industrial supporters from having their way with our air and water. And sadly, it’s working. The loss of expertise is particularly acute at the EPA, where new environmental regulations are built on the lessons of the last generation of rules. Experience in that iterative process is essential to drafting effective new regulations.
“We are witnessing an unprecedented brain drain from the EPA due to departures by experienced officials and employees,” says Walke. “The administration is showing no signs of plans to backfill those departures with new hires. Even if they could, it’s impossible to replace that degree of brain drain in the near future.”
Centralizing Decision Making
Those in right-wing politics profess to love local control. For example, when Trump announced his plan to shrink the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase–Escalante national monuments, he quipped, “Some people think that the natural resources of Utah should be controlled by a small handful of very distant bureaucrats located in Washington.”
The irony: Trump’s appointees regularly demonstrate that they seem to believe this, too. DOI staffers around the country traditionally have broad latitude in shaping federal policy in their regions, and the skeleton crew of senior administrators in Washington traditionally relies heavily on the expertise and input of regional staff.
Zinke has reversed that tradition. “The monuments review was done exclusively by a small group of people in Zinke’s office,” notes McEnaney. “The same was true of the sage grouse conservation review.”
At the EPA, sources indicate that career staff aren’t being included in meetings, and sometimes they only learn of major decisions in the press. “It’s the opposite of the way things have worked in both Democratic and Republican administrations, where there was an orderly process by which the staff experts reported to political heads of a program office, with instructions and information sharing back and forth,” says Walke.
In addition, the EPA is required by both statute and tradition to collect and respond to public comments before making changes to regulations. But Pruitt’s EPA has shown contempt for that process. The most glaring example was in November, when the agency held a hearing in West Virginia on the fate of the Clean Power Plan. The crowd was overwhelmingly in favor of keeping the rule in place, reflecting the genereal public support for the Clean Power Plan. Even in states that are suing for its repeal, the public favors the regulation. But Pruitt’s procession toward repeal shows no care for the public’s concerns about the EPA’s many deregulatory actions that will result in unhealthy air, contaminated water, and damaged ecosystems. An attendee at the November meeting described the hearing as a “farce.”
It’s not all doom and gloom. Trump can decimate the agencies that protect our health and environment, but they will come back. Over the long term, the laws of the United States—the statutes passed by Congress, like the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, that are supposed to guide the administration’s actions—put conservation first, often regardless of the business interests of polluters, and courts will hold the Trump administration to those obligations.
“I expect to win a lot of lawsuits over the next four years,” says Walke.
Stay up-to-date on Trump’s environmental antics by visiting NRDC’s Trump Watch or following it on Facebook or Twitter.
onEarth provides reporting and analysis about environmental science, policy, and culture. All opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or positions of NRDC. Learn more or follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
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Read the full article at: https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/week-49-we-approach-end-trumps-first-year-doi-and-epa-are-tatters
